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AES
The Advanced Encryption Standard was sponsored by NIST as a follow-on to the highly successful DES
Based on the Rijndael cypher submission by Rijmen & Daemen
Shocked some in the community by selecting a foreign (Belgian) proposal
128, 192 or 256 bit key lengths
Notes:
Rijndael submission was fast in both hardware and software, a key requirement of the AES RFP. It was simple to implement and required a relatively small amount of memory to operate.
Rijndael and AES are technically different, since AES only allows a 128 bit block size, and Rijndael could operate on blocks of any multiple of 32 between 128 and 256 bits (inclusive).